{"id":14476,"date":"2021-03-11T15:00:26","date_gmt":"2021-03-11T15:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/?post_type=artigos&#038;p=14476"},"modified":"2025-06-16T03:13:00","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T03:13:00","slug":"registros-do-passado-e-conexoes-entre-os-andes-e-amazonia-em-testemunhos-de-gelo2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/registros-do-passado-e-conexoes-entre-os-andes-e-amazonia-em-testemunhos-de-gelo2\/","title":{"rendered":"Past records and connections between Andes and Amazon in ice cores"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"14476\" class=\"elementor elementor-14476\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e77dcc2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e77dcc2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c2cfbab\" data-id=\"3c2cfbab\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-157c5485 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"157c5485\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Past records and connections between Andes and Amazon in ice cores<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3085d40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3085d40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54422caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"54422caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e72ac14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e72ac14\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"color: #aaaaaa;\">11 de mar\u00e7o de 2021 | Tempo de leitura: 5 minutos<\/p><p style=\"color: #aaaaaa;\"><i>Por Rafael Reis<\/i><\/p><p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Dos pontos mais altos na Am\u00e9rica do Sul est\u00e3o registradas nas geleiras dos Andes in\u00fameras informa\u00e7\u00f5es que ajudam na reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o do passado do clima da regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica. Tais informa\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o obtidas atrav\u00e9s do registro em testemunhos de gelo. Um testemunho \u00e9 uma amostra em formato cil\u00edndrico de gelo (Figura 1), proveniente de uma campanha de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o (Figura 2) em uma geleira, sendo a forma mais direta e detalhada de investigar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es clim\u00e1ticas e atmosf\u00e9ricas passadas. A neve que cai sobre as geleiras se acumula anualmente e armazena informa\u00e7\u00f5es importantes sobre as concentra\u00e7\u00f5es atmosf\u00e9ricas de aeross\u00f3is (pequenas part\u00edculas suspensas em um g\u00e1s), cinzas vulc\u00e2nicas, bolhas de gases, poluentes antropog\u00eanicos (ou seja, derivados de atividades humanas), entre outras vari\u00e1veis.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-30e19e32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"30e19e32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" src=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpg\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-1533\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-1-scaled-1-1568x1176.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a79eb3d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a79eb3d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 1: Testemunho de gelo extra\u00eddo durante campanha \u00e0 geleira Illimani (Bol\u00edvia). Fonte: Arquivo pessoal Dr. Filipe Lindau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a0208b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a0208b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 A an\u00e1lise da variabilidade dessas concentra\u00e7\u00f5es pode revelar as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas do passado que ocorreram h\u00e1 centenas ou milhares de anos. A partir desses registros, os testemunhos de gelo podem ser usados para reconstru\u00e7\u00e3o do clima do passado, mostrando informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre: temperatura, intensidade da circula\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, quantidade de acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de neve, quantidade de poeira atmosf\u00e9rica, ocorr\u00eancias de erup\u00e7\u00f5es vulc\u00e2nicas, produtividade biol\u00f3gica amaz\u00f4nica, assim como, quantidade de queimadas das florestas.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Estudos nos\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26241147?seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andes Tropicais<\/a>\u00a0revelam as mudan\u00e7as de circula\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica, precipita\u00e7\u00e3o, entre outros, que ocorrem devidos aos fen\u00f4menos naturais e\/ou atividades antropog\u00eanicas. Os principais registros andinos est\u00e3o localizados no Equador (Chimborazo), Peru (Huascar\u00e1n e Quelccaya), Bol\u00edvia (Illimani e Sajama) e Chile (Figura 3). Exemplos dos registros de fen\u00f4menos naturais s\u00e3o:<\/p><ul><li>Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o da ocorr\u00eancia do fen\u00f4meno de oscila\u00e7\u00e3o El-Ni\u00f1o <a href=\"http:\/\/enos.cptec.inpe.br\">(<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/enos.cptec.inpe.br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">entenda aqui<\/a>), que modifica a circula\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica e o regime de precipita\u00e7\u00e3o na Amaz\u00f4nia e nos Andes.<\/li><li>Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o das mudan\u00e7as desde o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tempo.com\/noticias\/ciencia\/quao-fria-foi-a-ultima-era-do-gelo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00faltimo m\u00e1ximo glacial<\/a>\u00a0(h\u00e1 aproximadamente 20 mil anos). Este per\u00edodo corresponde \u00e0 maior extens\u00e3o de gelo durante o \u00faltimo per\u00edodo glacial.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de per\u00edodos de oscila\u00e7\u00f5es bruscas, como <em>Younger Dryas<\/em>, tamb\u00e9m chamado de\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.astronoo.com\/pt\/artigos\/dryas.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dryas recente<\/a>\u00a0(aproximadamente 11 mil anos) e a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/climainfo.org.br\/2019\/02\/22\/pequena-idade-do-gelo-ensinamentos\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pequena Idade de Gelo<\/a>\u00a0(per\u00edodo por volta de 1500-1800 D.C.).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-382599c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"382599c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1530\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-2-scaled-1-1568x1176.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\"><\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27de9de2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27de9de2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 2: Perfuradora para extra\u00e7\u00e3o de testemunho de gelo. Fonte: Arquivo pessoal Dr. Filipe Lindau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4bf0f24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4bf0f24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Desde meados da d\u00e9cada de 70 do s\u00e9culo passado, as geleiras dos Andes v\u00eam sendo monitoradas. Dentre as altera\u00e7\u00f5es mais significativas est\u00e1 a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do volume de gelo das principais geleiras no continente, indicando que as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas afetam diretamente o seu tamanho e extens\u00e3o. Neste contexto, os cen\u00e1rios atuais projetam uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o dr\u00e1stica do volume das geleiras andinas, isto \u00e9, uma redu\u00e7\u00e3o do seu tamanho que pode culminar com seu desaparecimento at\u00e9 o fim deste s\u00e9culo (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-018-33698-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confira mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es aqui<\/a>). Na busca do entendimento da din\u00e2mica clim\u00e1tica registrada nas geleiras, o grupo de pesquisa da UFRGS (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centropolar.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centro Polar e Clim\u00e1tico \u2013 CPC<\/a>), em parceria com outros grupos, tamb\u00e9m se dedica \u00e0 pesquisa com testemunhos de gelo diretamente nas geleiras Illimani e Quelccaya.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Os mecanismos que envolvem as conex\u00f5es do passado e presente entre os Andes e a Amaz\u00f4nia s\u00e3o de grande import\u00e2ncia para o entendimento da distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de chuvas e o ciclo hidrol\u00f3gico da regi\u00e3o. Por\u00e9m, al\u00e9m do transporte de umidade, a Amaz\u00f4nia exporta material biog\u00eanico (ou seja, produzido pela a\u00e7\u00e3o de organismos vivos) em aeross\u00f3is atrav\u00e9s dos ventos do leste durante os per\u00edodos de chuva (principalmente durante o ver\u00e3o no Hemisf\u00e9rio Sul). As concentra\u00e7\u00f5es desses aeross\u00f3is tamb\u00e9m permanecem registradas nos testemunhos de gelo andinos e ajudam a compreender as mudan\u00e7as de circula\u00e7\u00e3o atmosf\u00e9rica atrav\u00e9s da contribui\u00e7\u00e3o maior ou menor dos aeross\u00f3is de origem amaz\u00f4nica.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Entretanto, aspectos culturais e antropol\u00f3gicos tamb\u00e9m est\u00e3o registrados nos testemunhos de gelo andinos. Exemplo disso \u00e9 a identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de registros de metalurgia e de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o ligados ao cobre em sociedades pr\u00e9 e p\u00f3s-coloniais observadas durante os \u00faltimos 6.500 anos (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep41855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">read more here<\/a>), assim como a queima de biomassa (queimadas) atrav\u00e9s do registro no Holoceno por concentra\u00e7\u00e3o Carbono Negro (<a href=\"https:\/\/cp.copernicus.org\/articles\/15\/579\/2019\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">see here<\/a>).<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Na recente expedi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 Calota de gelo Quelccaya do CPC-UFRGS em 2018, o grupo relata as dificuldades que impediram a extra\u00e7\u00e3o de um testemunho mais profundo e as altera\u00e7\u00f5es causadas pelas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas na regi\u00e3o (<a href=\"https:\/\/piaui.folha.uol.com.br\/no-gelo-dos-andes-o-passado-da-amazonia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">saiba mais acessando esta mat\u00e9ria da revista Piau\u00ed<\/a>). Um dos objetivos dessa investiga\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 entender a varia\u00e7\u00e3o da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de poeira atmosf\u00e9rica que durante a d\u00e9cada de 1970 tiveram um aumento de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o consider\u00e1vel (Figura 4). Os resultados dessa recente investiga\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o em fase final e ser\u00e3o publicados em breve.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5390101 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5390101\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ufrgs.br\/conexoesamazonicas\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/figura-geleiras.jpg\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32b169ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"32b169ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6054b24 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6054b24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 3: Principais geleiras localizadas nos Andes na Am\u00e9rica do Sul. Fotos extra\u00eddas e modificadas de <a href=\"https:\/\/horizon.documentation.ird.fr\/exl-doc\/pleins_textes\/divers19-10\/010039278.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vimeux &amp; Ginot 2006<\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1f630a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c1f630a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"507\" src=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-1024x507.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-1532\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-1024x507.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-768x380.jpg 768w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-1536x760.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-2048x1014.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Figura-4-scaled-1-1568x776.jpg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10c29a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"10c29a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43201e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43201e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figura 4: Evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas s\u00f3lidas em aeross\u00f3is durante o per\u00edodo de 1850-2000 no testemunho de gelo da geleira Quelccaya (Peru). Nota-se um aumento na concentra\u00e7\u00e3o durante as \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3500b199 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3500b199\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d68a8a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6d68a8a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>Science is done collaboratively<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 O Centro Polar e Clim\u00e1tico da UFRGS conta com pesquisadores(as) de diversas \u00e1reas e com colaboradores(as) de Institui\u00e7\u00f5es Nacionais e Internacionais (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centropolar.com\/instituicoes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confira aqui<\/a>).\u00a0 Um dos seus principais programas, o PROANTAR (<a href=\"https:\/\/proantar.com.br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Programa Ant\u00e1rtico Brasileiro<\/a>) recebe o apoio do Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o com recursos atrav\u00e9s do\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/cnpq\/pt-br\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNPq<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/cnpq\/pt-br\">.<\/a><\/p><p><strong>Want to know more? Access the links below!<\/strong><\/p><p>Baker, P. A., Fritz, S. C. (2015). Nature and causes of Quaternary climate variation of tropical South America. Quaternary Science Reviews,\u00a0124, 31-47. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quascirev.2015.06.011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Centro Polar e Clim\u00e1tico da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 CPC UFRGS. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.centropolar.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Eichler, A., Gramlich, G., Kellerhals, T., Tobler, L., Rehren, Th,\u00a0 Schwikowski, M. (2017). Ice-core evidence of earliest extensive copper metallurgy in the Andes 2700 years ago.\u00a0Scientific Reports Rep\u00a07,\u00a041855. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep41855\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Lindau, F. G. L., Sim\u00f5es, J. C., Ribeiro, R. D. R., Ginot, P., Delmonte, B., Baccolo, G., Kutuzov, S., Maggi, V., Ramirez, E. 2020. Dust record in an ice core from tropical Andes (Nevado Illimani \u2013 Bolivia), potential for climate variability analyses in the Amazon basin, Climate of the Past Discussion. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-2020-129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acesse o preprint aqui<\/a>)<\/p><p>Osmont, D., Sigl, M., Eichler, A., Jenk, T. M., Schwikowski, M. (2019) A Holocene black carbon ice-core record of biomass burning in the Amazon Basin from Illimani, Bolivia, Climate of the Past, 15: 579\u2013592, (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/cp-15-579-2019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Bolzan, J. F., Koci, B. R. (1985). A 1500-year record of tropical precipitation in ice cores from the Quelccaya ice cap, Peru. Science, 229(4717): 971-973. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.229.4717.971\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Thompson, L. G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M. E., Zagorodnov, V. S., Howat, I. M., Mikhalenko, V. N., Lin, P. N. (2013). Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past ~1800 years. Science, 340(6135): 945-950. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1234210\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)<\/p><p>Yarleque, C., Vuille, M., Hardy, D.R., Timm, O. E., De la Cruz, J., Ramos, H., Rabatel, A. (2018). Projections of the future disappearance of the Quelccaya Ice Cap in the Central Andes.\u00a0Scientific Reports\u00a08,\u00a015564. (<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-33698-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Link<\/a>)\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a23b484 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3a23b484\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Foto_rafaelreis_-296x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1534\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Foto_rafaelreis_-296x300.jpg 296w, https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Foto_rafaelreis_.jpg 602w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-325b904 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"325b904\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b3ef803 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b3ef803\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Rafael Reis \u00e9 Ge\u00f3logo e Mestre em Geoci\u00eancias pela UFRGS. Atualmente \u00e9 Doutorando do Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Geoci\u00eancias na UFRGS. \u00c9 tamb\u00e9m pesquisador do CPC-UFRGS, onde realiza sua pesquisa sobre micropart\u00edculas no testemunho de gelo recente coletado em 2018.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">More information on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/lattes.cnpq.br\/9524919322418104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lattes<\/a>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Rafael-Reis-11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ResearchGate<\/a> ou entre em contato por e-mail: sdosreis.rafael@gmail.com\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-87cc69a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"87cc69a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-93c36e8\" data-id=\"93c36e8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92bb410 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"92bb410\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7384e4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7384e4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Leia tamb\u00e9m<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fbea263 elementor-align-right elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fbea263\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-left-arrows\"><\/i>\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\"> Voltar<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-274bbc9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"274bbc9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\r\n\r\njQuery(document).ready(function() {\r\n    jQuery('#wph-back-button').on('click', function() {\r\n      window.history.go(-1);\r\n      return false;\r\n    });\r\n});\r\n\r\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Registros do passado e conex\u00f5es entre os Andes e Amaz\u00f4nia em testemunhos de gelo 11 de mar\u00e7o de 2021 | Tempo de leitura: 5 minutos Por Rafael Reis Dos pontos mais altos na Am\u00e9rica do Sul est\u00e3o registradas nas geleiras [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":1533,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[71],"tags":[78,45],"class_list":["post-14476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-conexoes-amazonicas","tag-78","tag-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14476"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14533,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14476\/revisions\/14533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/conexoesamazonicas.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}